Selama ratusan tahun orang-orang bertanya siapa sebenarnya Melkisedekh. Sebagian kaum Rabbinik Yahudi mengira dia ada Ur-Mensch (Manusia biasa), yang diciptakan serupa dengan Adam. Sebagian yang lain mengatakan dia adalah reinkarnasi dari Sem, anak Nuh. Yang lain mengatakan dia adalah malaikat agung, kemungkinan Mikael. Sebagian tradisi bapa gereja abad kedua dan Kekristenan mengajarkan dia adalah pra-inkarnasi Yesus.
Perjanjian Lama yang menceritakan tentang Melkisedekh menuliskan:
Kejadian 14:18 (TB) Melkisedek, raja Salem, membawa roti dan anggur; ia seorang imam Allah Yang Mahatinggi.
Walaupun demikian, di era setelah pembuangan, ketika bangsa Yahudi mencari tanda-tanda akan kedatangan Mesias, spekulasi tentang tokoh Perjanjian Lama yang akan kembali untuk menyelamatkan mereka menjadi topik diskusi utama dalam lingkaran para rabi.
Dokumen yang dikutip
dibawah ini berasal dari luar Tradisi Kitab Suci dan merupakan tradisi Yudaisme
yang sudah ada sebelum dan sesudah kehidupan Yesus dari Nazaret.
Dokumen ini sangat penting karena menjadi jendela untuk memasuki interpretasi
Alkitab dan kontemplasi spiritual yang berasal dari para rabi Yahudi.
Kitab Orang Jujur menuliskan tentang menuliskan tentang Melkisedekh yang menemui Abraham.
And Adonizedek king of Jerusalem, the same was Shem, went out with his men to meet Abram and his people, with bread and wine, and they remained together in the valley of Melech. And Adonizedek blessed Abram, and Abram gave him a tenth from all that he had brought from the spoil of his enemies, for Adonizedek was a priest before God. (Jasher 16:11-12)
Targum Jonathan menuliskan tentang Melkisedekh yang menemui Abraham.
And Malka Zadika, who was Shem bar Noah, the king of Yerushalem, came forth to meet Abram, and brought forth to him bread and wine; and in that time he ministered before Eloha Ilaha. (Parafrase Targum Jonathan atas Kejadian 14:18)
Targum Neofiti menuliskan tentang Melkisedekh yang menemui Abraham.
And the king of Sodom came out to meet him, after he had returned from slaying Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, in the Valley of the Orchards, that is, the valley of the king. And Melchisedech, king of Jerusalem—he is Shem the Great— brought out bread and wine, for he was the priest who ministered in the high priesthood before the Most High God.
And he blessed him and said: “Blessed is Abram before the Most High God who by his Memra created the heavens and the earth; and blessed is the Most High God who crushed your enemies before you.” And he gave him a tithe of everything. And the king of Sodom said to Abram: “Give me the persons and take the wealth for yourself.”
(The Aramaic Bible, The Targum Neofiti, Volume 1A to Genesis, Translation of Gen 14:17-21, p 92, 1992 AD)
Targum Jerusalem menuliskan tentang Melkisedekh sebagai berikut:
And Malki Zedek, king of Yerushalem, who was Shem, who was the great priest of the Most High. (Parafrase Targum Jerusalem atas Kejadian 14:18)
Targum Neofiti menuliskan tentang pertemuan Melkisedekh dan Ishak sebagai berikut:
"And Rebekah and her maiden rose up and mounted on camels and went after the man. And the servant took Rebekah and went. And Isaac was coming from the sanctuary of Shem the Great, to the well over which was revealed the One who sustains every age. And he was dwelling in the land of the South. And Isaac had gone out to pray in the open field at evening time; and he raised his eyes and saw and behold, camels were coming. And Rebekah raised her eyes and saw Isaac and she let herself down from the camel. And she said to the servant: “Who is that man who is coming in the open field toward us?” And the servant said: “It is my master.” And she took her veil and covered herself with it. And the servant told Isaac everything that he had done. And Isaac brought her into the tent of Sarah his mother; and he took Rebekah and she became his wife; and he loved her and Isaac was consoled after Sarah his mother had died."
(The Aramaic Bible, The Targum Neofiti, Volume 1A to Genesis, p 127, Translation of Genesis 24:61–67, 1992 AD)
Targum Neofiti menuliskan tentang Melkisedekh hadir disaat Ribka akan melahirkan Esau dan Yakub, sebagai berikut:
"And Isaac was forty years when he took as wife Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Aramaean from Paddan, the sister of Laban the Aramaean. And Isaac prayed before the Lord concerning Rebekah his wife because she was barren; and the Lord answered him and Rebekah his wife conceived. And the children pushed one another in her womb and she said: “If such is the tribulation of children, why, now, do I have children?”
And she went to the school of Shem the Great to beseech mercy from before the Lord. And the Lord said to her:
“Two peoples are in your womb, and two kingdoms from your womb will be separated; and one kingdom will be stronger than the other kingdom, and the greater will serve before the smaller.”
(The Aramaic Bible, The Targum Neofiti, Translation of Genesis 25:20–23, 1992 AD)
Dari keterangan diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Targum yang merupakan parafrase Perjanjian Lama yang ditulis oleh para rabi Yahudi secara konsisten menyatakan Melkisedekh adalah Sem, anak Nuh.
Seorang penulis abad kedua setelah era Kerasulan berakhir, Ephraim dari Syria menuliskan sebagai berikut:
- Some say
that this Melchizedek was actually Shem, son of Noah; in fact, they say
the book of Genesis clearly shows that he lived in the days of Abraham
and Isaac and Jacob. Moreover, from the sortitions of those tribes who
inherited the land of the house of Shem, it looks clear that he lived in Salem
in his own inheritance.
Not only Melchizedek but also the name Melchizedek are “without father, and mother and without genealogy” because neither the name Melchizedek nor the name Israel were written in the genealogy, whereas Shem and Jacob had father and mother, and a beginning and an end, and were inscribed in the genealogy.
But the names of Melchizedek and Israel did not have any of these things. God glorified them both with names equally imposed by him. He “was made similar to the Son of God” through his priesthood, so that the priesthood of Melchizedek might last forever, not in Melchizedek himself but in the Lord of Melchizedek. And the apostle highly praises the priesthood of all nations rather than that of his people, when he says, “Consider how great this man is to whom even our patriarch Abraham gave the tenth part of everything.”
(Ephrem the Syrian, Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews, 373 AD) - “This Melchizedek is
Shem, who became a king due to his greatness; he was the head of fourteen
nations. In addition, he was a priest. He received this from Noah, his father,
through the rights of succession. Shem lived not only to the time of
Abraham, as Scripture says, but even to the time of Jacob and Esau, the
grandsons of Abraham.
It was to him that Rebekah went to ask and was told, “Two nations are in your womb, and the elder shall serve the younger.”
Rebekah would not have bypassed her husband, who had been delivered at the high place, or her father-in-law, to whom revelations of the divinity came continually, and gone straight to ask Melchizedek unless she had learned of his greatness from Abraham or Abraham’s son.
Abraham would not have given him a tenth of everything unless he knew that Melchizedek was infinitely greater than himself.
Would Rebekah have asked one of the Canaanites or one of the Sodomites?
Would Abraham have given a tenth of his possessions to any one of these?
One ought not even entertain such ideas. Because the length of Melchizedek’s life extended to the time of Jacob and Esau, it has been stated, with much probability, that he was Shem. His father Noah was dwelling in the east, and Melchizedek was dwelling between two tribes, that is, between the sons of Ham and his own sons. Melchizedek was like a partition between the two, for he was afraid that the sons of Ham would turn his own sons to idolatry.
(Ephrem the Syrian, Commentary on Genesis 11.2.2-4, 373 AD).
Sementara menurut Jerome (342-420 AC), bapa Gereja dari abad keempat yang juga penerjemah Alkitab kedalam bahasa latin yang Kita kenal sebagai Vulgata mengidentifikasikan Melkisedekh sebagai Kristus dalam Perjanjian Lama, sebuah penafsiran yang dipegang oleh sebagian Gereja Kristen saat ini.
"Jews say that Melchizedek was Shem, Noah’s son and counting up the total years of his lifetime, they demonstrate that he would have lived up to the time of Isaac; and they say that all the firstborn sons of Noah were priests before Aaron performed the priestly office. Also, by “king of Salem” is meant the king of Jerusalem, which was formerly called Salem. And the blessed apostle writing to the Hebrews makes mention of Melchizedek as “without father or mother” and refers him to Christ and, through Christ, to the church of the Gentiles, for all the glory of the head is assigned to the members.
While he was uncircumcised, he blessed Abraham who had been circumcised; and in Abraham he blessed Levi; and through Levi he blessed Aaron from whom the priesthood afterwards descended.
For this reason, he maintains, one should infer that the priesthood of the church, which is uncircumcised, blessed the priesthood of the synagogue, which is circumcised. And as to the Scripture which says, “You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek,” our mystery is foreshown in the word order; not at all, indeed, in the sacrifice of non-rational victims through Aaron’s agency, but when bread and wine, that is, the body and blood of the Lord Jesus, were offered in sacrifice.
(Jerome, Hebrew Questions on Genesis 14.18-19, 400 AD)
Literatur Yahudi modern menuliskan tentang Melkisedekh sebagai berikut:
“In spite of his great success, Abraham nevertheless was concerned about the issue of the war. He feared that the prohibition against shedding the blood of man had been transgressed, and he also dreaded the resentment of Shem, whose descendants had perished in the encounter.
But God reassured him, and said: “Be not afraid! Thou hast but extirpated the thorns, and as to Shem, he will bless thee rather than curse thee.” so it was.
When Abraham returned from the war, Shem, or, as he is sometimes called, Melchizedek, the king of righteousness, priest of God Most High, and king of Jerusalem, came forth to meet him with bread and wine. And this high priest instructed Abraham in the laws of the priesthood and in the Torah, and to prove his friendship for him he blessed him, and called him the partner of God in the possession of the world, seeing that through him the Name of God had first been made known among men.
But Melchizedek arranged the words of his blessing in an unseemly way. He named Abraham first and then God. As a punishment, he was deposed by God from the priestly dignity, and instead it was passed over to Abraham, with whose descendants it remained forever.”
(Legends of the Jews, L. Ginzberg, H. Szold, P. Radin, Jewish Publication Society, p 196, 2003 AD, 1909 AD)
Menarik untuk diketahui bahwa Komunitas Qumran mengidentifikasikan Melkisedekh sebagai Manusia-Ilahi. Dalam gulungan Kitab Qumran yang menceritakan tentang Melkisedekh yakni Gulungan 11Q13 menuliskan bahwa Melkisedekh adalah Raja-Pangeran yang akan berdiri di tempat Yang Maha Kudus dalam Penghakiman Terakhir. Disana dituliskan:
** The Coming of Melchizedek -- 11Q13 -- Col.2
(...) And concerning what Scripture says, "In this year of Jubilee you shall return, every one of you, to your property" (Lev. 25;13) And what is also written; "And this is the manner of the remission; every creditor shall remit the claim that is held against a neighbor, not exacting it of a neighbor who is a member of the community, because God's remission has been proclaimed" (Deut.15;2) the interpretation is that it applies to the Last Days and concerns the captives, just as Isaiah said: "To proclaim the Jubilee to the captives" (Isa. 61;1) (...) just as (...) and from the inheritance of Melchizedek, for (... Melchizedek), who will return them to what is rightfully theirs.
He will proclaim to them the Jubilee, thereby releasing them from the debt of all their sins. He shall proclaim this decree in the first week of the jubilee period that follows nine jubilee periods.
Then the "Day of Atonement" shall follow after the tenth jubilee period, when he shall atone for all the Sons of Light, and the people who are predestined to Melchizedek. (...) upon them (...) For this is the time decreed for the "Year of Melchizedek`s favor", and by his might he will judge God's holy ones and so establish a righteous kingdom, as it is written about him in the Songs of David:
"A godlike being has taken his place in the council of God; in the midst of divine being he holds judgement" (Ps. 82;1).
Scripture also says about him; "Over it takes your seat in the highest heaven; A divine being will judge the peoples" (Ps. 7;7-8)
Concerning what scripture says; "How long will you judge unjustly, and show partiality with the wicked? Selah" (Ps. 82;2), the interpretation applies to Belial and the spirits predestined to him, because all of them have rebelled, turning from God's precepts and so becoming utterly wicked.
Therefor Melchizedek will thoroughly prosecute the vengeance required by God's statutes. Also, he will deliver all the captives from the power of Belial, and from the power of all the spirits destined to him. Allied with him will be all the "righteous divine beings"(Isa. 61;3). (The ...) is that whi(ch ...all) the divine beings.
The visitation is the Day of Salvation that He has decreed through Isaiah the prophet concerning all the captives, inasmuch as Scripture says, "How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of the messenger who announces peace, who brings good news, who announces salvation, who says to Zion "Your divine being reigns". (Isa. 52;7).
This scriptures interpretation: "the mountains" are the prophets, they who were sent to proclaim God's truth and to prophesy to all Israel. "The messengers" is the Anointed of the spirit, of whom Daniel spoke; "After the sixty-two weeks, an Anointed shall be cut off" (Dan. 9;26).
The "messenger who brings good news, who announces Salvation" is the one of whom it is written; "to proclaim the year of the LORD`s favor, the day of the vengeance of our God; to comfort all who mourn" (Isa. 61;2) This scripture's interpretation: he is to instruct them about all the periods of history for eternity (... and in the statutes) of the truth. (...) (.... dominion) that passes from Belial and returns to the Sons of Light (....) (...) by the judgment of God, just as t is written concerning him; "who says to Zion "Your divine being reigns" (Isa. 52;7) "Zion" is the congregation of all the sons of righteousness, who uphold the covenant and turn from walking in the way of the people. "Your divine being" is Melchizedek, who will deliver them from the power of Belial. Concerning what scripture says, "Then you shall have the trumpet sounded loud; in the seventh month . . . " (Lev. 25;9).
Sangat jelas dituliskan disana bahwa Melkisedekh bukan manusia biasa, dia sudah seperti Allah itu sendiri, ini sangat membingungkan karena Kaum Rabbinik yang hidup pada masa itu percaya bahwa seseorang yang begitu dekat dengan Allah, bukanlah Allah meskipun dia memiliki pengetahuan dan kebijaksaan seperti Allah.
Tuhan Yesus, tentu saja dengan tegas menyatakan diri-Nya adalah Anak Allah yang dalam pemahaman Yahudi pada masa itu percaya bahwa Anak Allah adalah representasi dari Bapa, inilah yang menjadi alasan Imam Kepala dan Ahli Taurat menuduh Yesus telah menghujat Allah karena Dia menyamakan dan menyetarakan diri-Nya dengan Bapa ketika Dia dengan tegas menyatakan diri-Nya adalah Anak Allah.
Meskipun ada beberapa interpretasi Kekristenan yang mengatakan bahwa Melkisedekh adalah Kristofani Yesus dalam Perjanjian Lama; pun sama halnya dengan beberapa pendapat Teolog Kekristenan modern yang mengikuti penafsiran kaum Rabbinik Yahudi yang mengidentifikasikan Sem adalah Melkisedekh. Unger's Bible Dictionary menyatakan relasi antara Melkisedekh dan Kristus seperti sebuah "type" dan "antitype" dengan ketentuan:
- Tidak berasal dari suku Lewi
- Lebih besar dari Abraham
- Yang tidak berawal dan tidak berakhir
- Tidak hanya Imam Besar, namun juga adalah Raja Kebenaran dan Damai.
Dalam beberapa catatan Alkitab, tentu saja kita semua tahu bahwa:
- Yesus Kristus berasal dari suku Yehuda.
- Yesus Kristus sudah ada
sebelum Abraham.
Disini Yesus mengatakan: "Before Abraham was, I am"; yang mana pernyataan I AM ini setara dengan pernyataan Ilahi Sang Khalik ketika Dia mengenalkan Diri-Nya kepada Musa, "I AM what I AM", yang bermakna, DIA sudah ada sebelum segala sesuatu diciptakan (tidak berawal), DIA sampai saat ini masih sama, dan DIA itu kekal (tidak berakhir). - Yesus Kristus sendiri menyatakan diri-Nya adalah Alpa dan Omega.
- Nubuat Ilahi nabi Yesaya menyatakan Sang Mesias akan disebut orang "Raja Damai". Dalam sebuah Mazmur, raja Daud dengan tuntunan Ilahi menyatakan dalam Mazmurnya: TUHAN telah bersumpah, dan Ia tidak akan menyesal: "Engkau adalah imam untuk Selamat-lamanya, menurut Melkisedek." (Mazmur 110:4).
Dengan demikian bisa disimpulkan bahwa Melkisedekh dan Yesus adalah 2 (dua) Tokoh yang berbeda. Apa yang dilakukan Melkisedekh terhadap Abraham merupakan gambaran awal bagaimana Bapa akan mengembalikan Keimamatan Israel dari Lewi kepada Yehuda, yakni kepada Anak-Nya yang dilahirkan sebagai Manusia dari Keturunan Yehuda ketika Roh Kudus menuntun penulis kitab Ibrani menyatakan:
Ibrani 5:5-6 (TB) Demikian pula Kristus tidak memuliakan diri-Nya sendiri dengan menjadi Imam Besar, tetapi dimuliakan oleh Dia yang berfirman kepada-Nya: "Anak-Ku Engkau! Engkau telah Kuperanakkan pada hari ini", sebagaimana firman-Nya dalam suatu nas lain: "Engkau adalah Imam untuk selama-lamanya, menurut peraturan Melkisedek."
Lantas mengapa dituliskan kehidupan Melkisedekh itu tidak berayah, tidak beribu, hari-harinya tidak diketahui...?
Ibrani 7:3 (TB) Ia tidak berbapa, tidak beribu, tidak bersilsilah, harinya tidak berawal dan hidupnya tidak berkesudahan, dan karena ia dijadikan sama dengan Anak Allah, ia tetap menjadi imam sampai selama-lamanya.
Saya akan coba menjelaskan sedikit tentang ini sehingga figur Melkisedekh yang merupakan Tipologi Yesus dalam Perjanjian Lama terpenuhi. Secara singkat, Tipologi dalam Teologi Kekristenan adalah hubungan antara Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian. Penjelasan ini bukan tentang kehidupan/keseharian Melkisedekh melainkan tentang deskripsi yang diberikan Kitab Suci tentang dia.
**) Melkisedekh – Tidak berbapa, tidak beribu, tidak bersisilah
Frasa “Tidak berbapa ('apatôr), tidak beribu (amêtôr'), tidak bersisilah” adalah kalimat pertama yang kita temukan tentang Melkisedekh. Kitab Suci sama sekali tidak pernah mencatat detail kehidupan Melkisedekh, siapa orang tuanya dan bagaimana kehidupannya. Dengan kata lain, kita tentunya berfikir bahwa Melkisedekh memiliki seorang ayah dan seorang ibu seperti manusia pada umumnya.
Dalam bahasa asli ditulis 'apatôr amêtôr' yang mana itu tidak berarti bahwa ia tidak memiliki ayah dan tidak memiliki ibu tetapi maksudnya adalah seorang yang "ayah dan ibunya tidak ditulis" (dalam silsilahnya).
- Footnote:
- Patôr artinya ayah
- Mêtôr' artinya ibu
- Negatif pertikel "a" didepannya.
Jadi, 'apator' atau "tidak berbapa" biasanya ditujukan kepada seseorang yang tidak memiliki ayah, kehilangan ayahnya atau seorang "yatim", seseorang yang lahir setelah kematian ayahnya sehingga ayahnya tidak dikenal, demikian pula halnya dengan 'ametor', "tidak beribu".
Melkisedekh kemungkinan mengetahui sejarah keluarganya, dilahirkan di suatu masa dan meninggal di akhir hidupnya. Namun Alkitab sama sekali tidak mencatat tentang hal itu. Tentang Kitab Kejadian, penulisnya sangat berhati-hati dalam mencatat detail tentang orang-orang yang melayani ALLAH. Namun penulisnya juga sangat berhati-hati dengan tidak mencatat detail tentang Melkisedekh.
Melkisedekh adalah seorang Imam. Dan seorang imam dalam tradisi bangsa Israel yang ditetapkan dalam Hukum Taurat harus mengetahui tentang silsilah keluarga mereka. Ayah dari seorang Imam haruslah berasal dari keluarga/keturunan Harun, ibu dari imam tersebut haruslah seorang Israel yang berasal dari keturunan Abraham, Ishak dan Yakub.
Dalam Ezra 2:61-63 dicatat bahwa beberapa imam tidak bisa melaksanakan tugasnya karena mereka kehilangan catatan tentang sejarah keluarganya.
Ezra 2:61-63 (TB) dan dari antara kaum imam: bani Habaya, bani Hakos, bani Barzilai. Barzilai itu memperisteri seorang anak perempuan Barzilai, orang Gilead itu, dan sejak itu ia dinamai menurut nama keluarga itu. Mereka itu menyelidiki apakah nama mereka tercatat dalam silsilah, tetapi karena itu tidak didapati, maka mereka dinyatakan tidak tahir untuk jabatan imam. Dan tentang mereka diputuskan oleh kepala daerah, bahwa mereka tidak boleh makan dari persembahan maha kudus, sampai ada seorang imam bertindak dengan memegang Urim dan Tumim.
Tidak ada bedanya dengan Melkisedekh, TUHAN mengajarkan kita untuk mengenal Anak-Nya yang nantinya akan diutus-Nya menjadi Manusia. Melkisedekh menjadi imam karena TUHAN yang mengurapi dia, bukan karena silsilah keluarganya, demikian juga Kristus. Kita bisa membaca silsilah keluarga Yesus dalam Matius 1:1-17, Lukas 3:23-38 dan Ibrani 7:13-14.
Yesus menjadi Imam Besar bagi kita bukan karena silsilah keluarga-Nya melainkan karena Bapa yang mengurapi Dia, penulis Kitab Ibrani menulis cukup banyak tentang itu. Demikianlah yang dimaksud oleh penulis Kitab Ibrani, bukan berarti Melkisedekh tidak memiliki keluarga melainkan memang Kitab Suci tidak mencatat detail tentang keluarganya.
Yang menarik adalah, ada upaya beberapa cendekiawan untuk merekonstruksi ulah kehidupan Melkisedekh namun tetap saja tidak ada kesepakatan diantara mereka tentang Siapa orang tua Melkisedekh yang benar, saya akan mengutip beberapa.
Penulis Arab (In Hottinger. Smegma Orientale, I. 1. c. 8. p. 269, 254) mengatakan bahwa ayah Melkisedek bernama Peleg dan ibunya bernama Elmasinus. Peleg ini masih ada dalam silsilah Abraham, putra Eber, dan saudara Yoktan.
They who say Melchizedek had neither beginning of days, nor end of life, and argue from the words of the Apostle Paul, asserting the same, do not rightly understand the saying of the Apostle Paul; for Shem, the son of Noah, after he had taken Melchizedek, and withdrew him from his parents, did not set down in writing how old he was, when he went into the east, nor what was his age when he died; but Melchizedek was the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Salah, the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah; and yet none of those patriarchs is called his father.
This only the Apostle Paul means, that none of his family served in the temple, nor were children and tribes assigned to him. Matthew and Luke the evangelists only relate the heads of tribes: hence the Apostle Paul does not write the name of his father, nor the name of his mother. (Smegma Orientale, p. 305, 306, 254).
Sahid Aben Batric sebagaimana dikutip dalam Mr. Gregory's Preface to his Works menulis "MALKI-TSEDEG BEN PA'LEQ"; Catena, seorang Arab, dalam buku yang sama menulis bahwa Peleg adalah ayah dari Heraklim, ayah dari Melkisedek.
Melchizedek was the son of Heraclim, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber; and his mother's name was Salathiel, the daughter of Gomer, the son of Japheth, the son of Noah; and Heraclim, the son of Eber, married his wife Salathiel, and she was with child, and brought forth a son, and called his name Melchizedek, called also king of Salem: after this the genealogy is set down at length. Melchizedek, son of Heraclim, which was the son of Peleg, which was the son of Eber, which was the son of Arphaxad, till you come to, which was the son of Adam, on whom be peace.
*) Melkisedekh – Harinya tidak berawal dan hidupnya tidak berkesudahan
Frasa 'harinya tidak berawal dan hidupnya tidak berkesudahan' adalah kalimat kedua yang kita temukan disana. Tidak ada catatan tentang kematian Melkisedekh, demikian juga tidak ada catatan tentang pekerjaannya sebagai Imam namun Kitab Kejadian dengan jelas mengatakan Melkisedekh adalah Imam Allah yang Maha Tinggi.
Meskipun Yesus, kita tahu bagaimana Dia wafat namun kita tidak pernah tahu kapan waktu-Nya berakhir sebagai Imam Besar kita. Yesus tetap hidup dan terus berdoa untuk kita. Pun demikian, frasa 'harinya tidak berawal dan hidupnya tidak berkesudahan' tidak bisa dipahami secara literal karena ini bukan berarti Melkisedekh masih hidup sampai saat ini.
Menurut catatan Alkitab, Keimamatan Lewi dalam melayani di Bait Allah dimulai saat mereka berusia 25 tahun hingga berusia 50 tahun.
Bilangan 8:24-25 (TB) Inilah yang berlaku bagi orang Lewi: setiap orang yang berumur dua puluh lima tahun ke atas wajib bertugas, supaya ia bekerja pada Kemah Pertemuan, tetapi jika ia berumur lima puluh tahun haruslah ia dibebaskan dari pekerjaan itu, sehingga tak usah ia bekerja lebih lama lagi.
**) Melkisedekh – Disamakan dengan Anak Allah, menjadi imam abadi
Frasa terakhir yang ditulis disana adalah 'dan karena ia dijadikan sama dengan Anak Allah, ia tetap menjadi imam sampai selama-lamanya'. Mulai dari kemunculannya, Melkisedekh bukanlah Anak Allah; Yesus dalam Pra Inkarnasi-Nya sebagai Firman terlebih dulu ada sebelum Melkisedekh, Dia berdiam didalam Bapa sebelum dinyatakan kepada Manusia lewat kelahiran-Nya.
Perjanjian Lama tidak pernah menuliskan Firman itu pernah menjadi Manusia. Keimamatan Melkisedekh kekal karena Kitab Suci tidak mencatat kapan hal itu berakhir, demikian pula Yesus yang telah diurapi sebagai Imam Besar menurut peraturan Melkisedekh.
Tentang hal ini F.F Bruce menyelidiki dan menyimpulkan bahwa:
“...The silences of the Scripture were as much due to divine inspiration as were its statements” (1990, p. 160).
Demikian halnya Yesus, Imam Besar kita yang tentang Dia Kitab Ibrani telah mencatat bahwa:
Dan hal itu jauh lebih nyata lagi, jikalau ditetapkan seorang imam lain menurut cara Melkisedek, yang menjadi imam bukan berdasarkan peraturan-peraturan manusia, tetapi berdasarkan hidup yang tidak dapat binasa. Sebab tentang Dia diberi kesaksian: "Engkau adalah Imam untuk selama-lamanya, menurut peraturan Melkisedek."
Memang suatu hukum yang dikeluarkan dahulu dibatalkan, kalau hukum itu tidak mempunyai kekuatan dan karena itu tidak berguna, — sebab hukum Taurat sama sekali tidak membawa kesempurnaan — tetapi sekarang ditimbulkan pengharapan yang lebih baik, yang mendekatkan kita kepada Allah.
Dan sama seperti hal ini tidak terjadi tanpa sumpah — memang mereka telah menjadi imam tanpa sumpah, tetapi Ia dengan sumpah, diucapkan oleh Dia yang berfirman kepada-Nya:
"Tuhan telah bersumpah dan Ia tidak akan menyesal: Engkau adalah Imam untuk selama-lamanya" — Tetapi, karena Ia tetap selama-lamanya, imamat-Nya tidak dapat beralih kepada orang lain.
Ibrani 7:15-21, 24 (TB)
Daftar Pustaka:
- Sarapan Pagi – Melkisedekh
- https://www.generationword.com/jerusalem101/16-salem-jebus.html
- https://alkitab.sabda.org/dictionary.php?word=Ugarit
Oleh:
Sesandus Demaskus
Jemaat Gereja Kemah Injil Indonesia, ds Mekar Baru - Kubu Raya
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